On September 11, Mexico became the first country to allow voters to elect judges at all levels.
The reform, championed by President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, passed after protesters stormed the Senate, halting debate temporarily.
The reform passed with 86 votes in favor and 41 against, achieving the two-thirds majority required for constitutional amendments.
The ruling Morena party pushed the reform, sparking widespread demonstrations, diplomatic tensions, and concerns among investors.
Protesters argued the reform threatened the judiciary’s independence, while Obrador claimed it would dismantle the elite-controlled system.
Opponents, including court officials and law students, protested the plan, which requires judges including Supreme Court members to face elections in 2025 or 2027.
Supreme Court Chief Justice Norma Pina warned that electing judges could expose them to criminal influence in a country where drug cartels often use bribery and intimidation.
The U.S. expressed concern, warning the reform could harm investor confidence in Mexico’s legal system.
Human Rights Watch and other organizations also criticized the reform, arguing it risks undermining judicial independence and international human rights standards.
Despite these concerns, the reform was passed, marking a significant shift in Mexico’s judiciary system.
